2023年阅读真题汇编20篇

2023-07-02 11:10:07| 来源:网友投稿

阅读真题第1篇Whataspectofthekittiwakegulldoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?(A)Itsdefensivebehavior(B)Itinteracti下面是小编为大家整理的阅读真题汇编20篇,供大家参考。

阅读真题汇编20篇

阅读真题第1篇

What aspect of the kittiwake gull does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Its defensive behavior

(B) It interactions with other gull species

(D) Its physical difference from other gull species

The word "rear" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) visit

(B) watch

(D) raise

The word "scale" in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) climb

(B) avoid

(D) measure

The word "immunity" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) distance

(B) transition

(D) reminder

Why is it difficult for ravens to steal the kittiwakes" eggs?

(A) The kittiwakes can see the ravens approaching the

(B) The ravens cannot land on the narrow ledges where kittiwakes

(D) The female kittiwakes rarely leave the

The author mentions that eggshells litter around the nests of kittiwakes in order to

(A) demonstrate that kittiwakes are not concerned about predators

(B) prove how busy kittiwakes are in caring for their offspring

(D) illustrate kittiwakes" lack of concern for their chicks

According to the passage , it can be inferred that which of the following birds conceal their nest?

(A) Bonaparte"s gulls

(B) Atlantic puffins

(D) Northern gannets

The word "it" in line 17 refers to

(A) location

(B) edge

(D) practice

The word "conspicuous" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) disordered

(B) suspicious

(D) appealing

The phrase "On the other hand" in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) therefore

(B) however

(D) by no means

阅读真题第2篇

托福阅读必须要读懂每字每句?

托福阅读考试中许多考生认为阅读文章时必须要读懂每字每句，事实上，这是不必要的。托福阅读考试中，即使遇到陌生的词，但是根据上下文的意思以及自己的一些常识判断，也不太会影响对文章的理解。特别是托福阅读这种题目涉及面广，信息量大的形式，掌握阅读和答题的技巧，对在托福阅读考试中是会有很大帮助的。

在托福阅读中，甚至可以扩展到ETS所有考试的阅读题目中，如果要用一个词来概括的话，那就是paraphrase，意译。无论是题干还是正确选项，大都能在原文中找出一句话来与之相对应。即题目是原文的意译。这种意译是通过同义词来完成的。即题干中多用近义词来对原文中的句子进行替换，来达到提出问题或者提出正确答案的意思。准确把握意译，是多数题目中准确在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑选项中选出正确的那个，都有着重要的作用。在后面的文章里我会结合实例解释这一点。

托福阅读先看题目还是先看文章?

关于先看题目还是先看文章的问题。也就是做题时间安排的问题。在此问题上我与有的朋友也有过争执。我个人习惯是先用5—7分钟的时间通读全文，然后平均每个问题有1分钟的时间来回答。由于对问题的回答建立在了熟悉全文的基础上，每个问题又有足够的时间返回全文，每个选项都一一进行斟酌。我认为这样准确率比较高。但有的朋友本着居家过日子的心，认为1000多字的文章只出十几个题，必然有一些信息是没用的。这样通读全文就会浪费掉一些时间，不如先看题再回去找来的痛快。对此我不好妄加评论。每个人都应该通过考前大量的练习来制定出最为适合自己的方法。

托福阅读复习时间安排

关于复习的时间安排。我认为，弄完词汇以后，就应该着手突击一下阅读了。如今各种各样的模拟题犹如英语辅导班一样大量涌现。不会出现我们早期考生有题舍不得做的情况了。但也不能太急功近利，单词没弄好就硬上阅读，有时候会适得其反。用1周的时间大量的突击，也是对单词的一个巩固。找到感觉以后就可以开始下面的复习了。复习听力口语作文的日子里，每天一定要最少做3篇文章的题量，按照考试的时间要求，千万不可放松。做得多了，就可以把阅读当作一种放松了。ETS的阅读文章能教给我们各种学科的基础知识。(这与GRE有区别。托福的专业性文章还都处于一个启蒙的专业水平上，不像G那么变)阅读还可以教给我们一些老美的思路，老美看待问题的方式。阅读不会像你想象的那样痛苦的。

无论是OG还是Delta，都把阅读的题目分成十类，即：Understanding Facts and Details， Identifying Negative Facts， Locating Referents， Understanding Vocabulary in Context， Making Inferences， Determining Purposes， Recognizing Paraphrases (Simplifying sentences)， Recognizing Coherence (Sentence inserting)， Summarizing Important Ideas and Organizing 我将按顺序一一解释。

阅读真题第3篇

What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?

(A) Design elements in the Art Nouveau style

(B) The popularity of the Art Nouveau style

(D) Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style

The word "one" in line 4 refers to

(A) century

(B) development

(D) coloration

Paragraph 1 mentions that Art Nouveau glass was sometimes similar to which aspect of ancient buried glass?

(A) The distortion of the glass

(B) The appearance of the glass surface

(D) The size of the glass objects

What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?

(A) to compare different Art Nouveau styles

(B) to give examples of famous Art Nouveau artists

(D) to show the impact Art Nouveau had on other cultures around the world

The word "prized" in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) valued

(B) universal

(D) preserved

The word "overtaken" in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) surpassed

(B) inclined

(D) applied

What does the author mean by stating that "function should determine form" (lines 23-24)?

(A) A useful object should not be

(B) The purpose of an object should influence its

(D) The form of an object should not include decorative

It can be inferred from the passage that one reason Functionalism became popular was that it

(A) clearly distinguished between art and design

(B) appealed to people who liked complex painted designs

(D) was easily interpreted by the general public

Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about Functionalism?

(A) Its design concept avoided geometric

(B) It started on a small scale and then spread

(D) It was not attractive to architects and

According to the passage , an object made in the Art Nouveau style would most likely include

(A) a flowered design

(B) bright colors

(D) a textured surface

阅读真题第4篇

OG-1

Passage 25

In a recent study, David Cressy examines two central questions concerning English immigration to New England in the 1630s: what kinds of people immigrated and why? Using contemporary literary evidence, shipping lists, and customs records, Cressy finds that most adult immigrants were skilled in farming or crafts, were literate, and were organized in Each of these characteristics sharply distinguishes the 21,000 people who left for New England in the 1630s from most of the approximately 377,000 English people who had immigrated to America by

With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Cressy does not deny the frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in When he moves beyond the principal actors, he finds that religious explanations were less frequently offered, and he concludes that most people immigrated because they were recruited by promises of material

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

The passage indicates that Cressy would agree with which of the following statements about the organizers among the English immigrants to New England in the 1630s?

Some of them offered a religious explanation for their

They did not offer any reasons for their immigration until some time after they had

They were more likely than the average immigrant to be motivated by material

Select the sentence that provides Cressy’s opinion about what motivated English immigrants to go to New England in the

“When … ”

In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with

summarizing the findings of an investigation

analyzing a method of argument

evaluating a point of view

hypothesizing about a set of circumstances

establishing categories

阅读真题第5篇

一、问法多采取下列模式

According to the passage……，……?”

It is stated in paragraph X

It is indicated in paragraph X

It is mentioned in paragraph X

二、文章如何处理--请记住下列口诀

通读原文不可取,

带着问题看原文

四种句子仔细读

比较句,强调句

段首段尾转折句

重准确,轻速度

平时做题不猜题

下次连载我将把这种阅读方法进行系统讲解,本次重点讲细节题

三、不用通读全文，只要看到细节部分，不要看全文推理常可回原文定位找到----找相近，找相似

回原文定位关健词定位法：

a、题目本身带有大写或斜体

b、题目本身带有年代或与年代有关

c、回原文定位要使用纯名词

d、出题顺序多半和行文顺序相同

选项本身提示的共同信息,四个选项拥有相同的部分,就本题在问的部分

四、举例说明

例如：Crescent-shaped lake Baikal,in Siberia,is only the ninth largest lake in area at 385 miles(620km)in length and 46miles (74km) in width, yet it is easily the largest body of fresh water in the (新月般的贝加尔湖位于西伯利亚,是第九大的湖,长385英里,宽46英里,然而它是世界上最大的淡水湖).It holds one –fifth of the world’s total freshwater, which is more than the total of all the water in five Great lakes;(它拥有世界上五分之一的淡水,比五大湖全部的水还多很多); it holds so much fresh water in spite of its less-than-impressive area because it is by far the world’s deepest (尽管面积不大但淡水很多因为它是世界上迄今为止最深的湖)The average depth of the lake is 1312 feet (400meters)below sea leave and The Olkhon Crevice, the lowest known point ,is more than 5250 feet (1600 meters) (贝加尔湖平均深度是低于海平面1312英尺(400 meters),并且最低点 Olkhon大裂谷 5250英尺(1600米)深.

Lake Baikal, which today is located near the center of Asian Peninsula, is most likely the world’s oldest (贝加尔湖位于亚洲次大陆中心,可能是世界上最古老的湖).It began forming 25 million years ago as Asia started splitting apart in a series of great (它形成于25亿年前,亚洲板块从一系列断层分离出来(即原始大陆板块中各各板块分离时期)The Baikal Valley dropped away, eventually filling with water and creating the deepest of the world’s ( 贝加尔湖谷下陷裂开,最终填满了水创造了世界上最深的湖)

what is stated in paragraph 1 about the shape of lake Baikal?

A It is wider than it is long

B It is circular in shape

C Iits width is one-half of its length

D It is shaped like a new moon

从题目本身的问法看是一道细节题

细节题的解题步骤

1) 寻找关键词,关键词定位法,本题的关键词是shape

2) 文章出题顺序和行文顺序是一致的

本题是第一题按着顺序找第一次出现的地方.

所以本题正确答案应该是D

2 It is indicated in paragraph 1 that the area of Lake Baikal

A is less than the area of eight other lakes

B is one –ninth the area of Siberia

C is greater than the area of any other freshwater lake

D is equal to the area of the five Great lakes

本题的关键词是 area 面积

回原文定位: only the ninth largest lake in area at 385 miles(620km)in length and 46miles (74km) in width(第九大的湖,长385英里,宽46英里)所以本题答案为A

3 According to paragraph 1, lake Baikal __

holds one –fifth of the world’s water

holds five times the water of the Great lakes

holds one-ninth of the world’s water

holds 20 percent of the world’s fresh water

本题很特别,你会发现题目本身没有任何可以做为关键词的因为全文都在讲这个湖,但没关系看四个选项他们的共同传达信息就是本题要问的信息.你会发现四个选项拥有相同的holds 所以本题问的是贝加尔湖谷拥有水量,所以本题定位为It holds one –fifth of the world’s total freshwater, which is more than the total of all the water in five Great lakes;( 它拥有世界上五分之一的淡水,比五大湖全部的水还多很多)所以正确答案是D。丽丽英语每期都会做连载，敬请关注。

4 According to paragraph 1, the olkhon crevice is ____

A outside of Lake Baikal

B 400 meters below sea level

C the deepest part of Lake Baikal

D 5000 meters deep

本题定位关键词为olkhon crevice所以定位于原文:The Olkhon Crevice, the lowest known point ,is more than 5250 feet (1600 meters)deep 最低点 Olkhon大裂谷 5250英尺(1600米)深. 正确答案为

5 It is mentioned in paragraph 2 that Lake Baikal__

A is not as old as some other lakes

B formed when sections of the Earth were moving away from each

C was fully formed 25 million years ago

D is today located on the edge of the Asia peninsula

本题是本文的最后一个题目而且写明了是paragraph 2,所以正确答案为B定位于原文.It began forming 25 million years ago as Asia started splitting apart in a series of great faults

托福阅读辅导:老托福阅读真题及答案 PASSAGE 1相关

阅读真题第6篇

阅读部分考试回忆如下：

Preventing Overgrowth among Tree Branches

shedding剪枝的意义。一个是因为有些树枝消耗掉的碳物质比生产的多，另一个原因是有时候气候很干，剪枝减少水的消耗。

词汇题补充：

exposed = unprotected

with no warning = without any indication beforehand

congestion = overcrowding

Crown of Thorns Starfish and Coral Reefs

冠状棘海星，话题重复

珊瑚的消失和一种海星的数量猛增有关系，主要说的是导致猛增的原因(环境+人)

词汇题补充：

outbreak = sudden increase

accompany = occur along with

converge = come together

severity = seriousness

原题重现：

The crown of thorns starfish, Acanthaster Tlanci, is large, twenty-five to thirty-five centimeters in diameter, and has seven to twenty-one arms that are covered in It feeds primarily on coral and is found from the Indian Ocean to the west coast of Central America, usually at quite low population Since the mid-1950s, population outbreaks at densities four to six times greater than normal have occurred at the same time in places such as Hawaii, Tahiti, Panama, and the Great Barrier The result has often been the loss of a fifty percent to nearly one hundred percent of the coral cover over large

A single Acanthaster can consume five to six square meters of coral polyps per year, and dense populations can destroy up to six square kilometers per year and move on Acanthasters show a preference for branching corals, especially After an outbreak in a particular area, it is common to find that Acroporids have been selectively removed, leaving a mosaic of living and dead In places where Acroporids previously dominated the community devastation can be almost complete, and local areas of reefs have

Areas of dead coral are usually colonized rapidly by algae and often are later colonized by sponges and soft Increases in abundance of plant-eating fish and decreases in abundance of coral-feeding fish accompany these Coral larvae settle among the algae and eventually establish flourishing coral In ten to fifteen years the reefs often return to about the same percentage of coral cover as Development of a four-species diversity takes about twenty

Two schools of thought exist concerning the cause of these One group holds that they are natural phenomena that have occurred many times in the past, citing old men"s recollections of earlier outbreaks and evidence from traditional The other group maintains that recent human activities ranging from physical coral destruction through pollution to predator removal have triggered these

One theory, the adult aggregation hypothesis, maintains that most species is more abundant than we realize when a storm destroys coral and causes a food The adult Acanthasters converge on remaining portions of healthy coral and feed Certainly there have been outbreaks of Acanthaster following large storms, but there is little evidence that the storms have caused the enough reef damage to create a food shortage for these

Two other hypotheses attempt to explain the increased abundance of Acanthaster after episodes of high terrestrial runoff following The first hypothesis is that low salinity and high temperatures favor the survival of the starfish The second hypothesis emphasizes the food web aspect, suggesting that strong fresh water runoff brings additional nutrients to the coastal waters, stimulating phytoplankton production and promoting more rapid development and better survival of the starfish

Those favoring anthropogenic (human influenced) causes have pointed to the large proportion of outbreaks that have been near centers of human It has been suggested that coral polyps are the main predators of the starfish Destruction of coral by blasting and other bad land use practices would reduce predation on the starfish larvae and cause a feedback in which increases in Acanthaster populations cause still further coral Unfortunately, there are too few documented instances of physical destruction of coral being followed by outbreaks of Acanthaster for these hypotheses to be fully

Another group of hypothesis focuses on removal of Acanthaster"s Some have suggested that the predators might have been killed off by pollution whereas others have suggested that the harvesting of vertebrate and invertebrate predators of Acanthaster could have reduced mortality and caused increased abundance of The problem with this group of hypothesis is that it is difficult to understand how reduced predation would lead to sudden increases in Acanthaster numbers in several places at the same time in specific It seems probable that there is no single explanation but that there are elements of the truth in several of the That is there are natural processes that have led to outbreaks in the past, but human impact has increased the frequency and severity of the

Culture

格林兰岛Dorset Culture的起源，首先是由于气候变冷，一部分人迁走了，另一部分留下来的人创立了文明。这些人发明了工具来面对寒冷气候，后来气候变暖了，另一部落的人迁移过来消灭了这个文明。

词汇题补充：

allowed for = made possible

harsh = severe

duration of sea ice = length of time the ice lasts

annihilated = destroyed

in the Amount of Forest on the Great Plains

旧题重复：20XX年9月25日文章

本篇属于比较规律的一篇生物文章，从森林变化这种现象着手，进而分析背后的原因; 建议大家多多了解相关的背景知识，比如 TPO 09：The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii; TPO 25：The Evolutionary Origin of Plants，从这些文章中我们可以知道植物的产生和进化原理，并且之后背后的原因。每种植物的生长和进化套路相似，所以大家可以仔细分析一下这两篇文章的结构，总结类似的文章结构规律和出题特征。

文章内容：最初被常绿林覆盖的森林，由于气候变得温暖干燥，变成了落叶林，最后成了草地。在一些山脊之类的地方树木比较占优势，一方面山顶气候凉爽并且接收到更多的降水(precipitation)，另一方面，山脊是天然的防火地带(natural firebreak)，但草原被烧毁后依旧能够拥有“野火烧不尽”的势头。然而在大平原地区，森林减少后，接下来又经历了逆袭，数量开始增多，具体的原因主要在于人类的活动，随着农牧业的发展，草原数量逐渐减少，火灾频率也随之降低，所以，森林又得以回归。

词汇题补充：

dense = thick

eased into = slowly entered

retain = keep

inevitable = certain

Plants and Animals Arrived in the Hawaiian Islands

旧题重复：20XX年12月27日文章

Early Modern Industrialization

旧题重复：20XX年3月11日文章

词汇题补充：

determinants = causes

hastened = rushed

diffusion = dispersal

perfected = completed

Birds and Food Shortage

旧题重复：20XX年12月20日文章

文章内容：

这篇是讲鸟类储存能量的。鸟类通过储存食物或者脂肪来度过食物不充足的时期，但是这个只能缓解食物短缺，不能彻底解决这个问题。越小的鸟就越需要更多的能量来生长，储存能量难度也更大，特别举了一个例子是蜂鸟需要不停的进食：大的鸟储存能量多，并且不需要消耗太多能量去生长，所以储存的能量可以撑很长时间，但是大鸟有时候需要储存能量来迁徙或者繁殖。还说了有一些鸟会通过降低新陈代谢速率来减少能量消耗，类似于一种哺乳动物冬眠的状态，蜂鸟可能每天晚上都会这样。

词汇题补充：

duration of = length of

enables = allows

in some degree = to a certain extent

古埃及金字塔那些法老，对各个法老的记录来研究埃及历史

恐龙的讨论

北极圈的居民

农业变迁

植物的自我保护机制

昆虫的一种群居行为

密西根和埃及的乡村建设，一个分布均匀，一个分布紧密

阅读真题第7篇

Academic Reading Skills

The Reading section measures test takers’ ability to understand university-level academic texts and In English-speaking academic environments students are expected to read and understand information from textbooks and other types of academic Below are three possible purposes for academic

Reading purposes include

Reading to find information, which involves

effectively scanning text for key facts and important information

increasing reading fluency and rate

Basic comprehension, which requires the reader to

understand the general topic or main idea, major points, important facts and details, vocabulary in context, and pronoun

make inferences about what is implied in a passage

Reading to learn, which depends on the ability to

recognize the organization and purpose of a passage

understand relationships between ideas (for example, compare-and-contrast, cause-and-effect, agree-disagree, or steps in a process)

organize information into a category chart or a summary in order to recall major points and important details

infer how ideas throughout the passage connect

The TOEFL iBT test includes three basic categories of academic The categories are based on the author’s objectives:

Exposition

Argumentation

Historical biographical/event narrative

Test takers do not need any special background knowledge to correctly answer the questions in the Reading section; all the information needed to answer the questions is contained in the

Test takers must read through or scroll to the end of each passage before receiving questions on that Once the questions appear, the passage is located on the right side of the computer screen, and the questions are on the

阅读真题第8篇

What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The success of parasites in resisting plant defense mechanisms

(B) Theories on active plant defense mechanisms

(D) How the immune system of animals and the defense mechanisms of plants differ

The phrase "subject to" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) susceptible to

(B) classified by

(D) strengthened by

The word "puncture" in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) pierce

(B) pinch

(D) cover .

The word "which" in line 12 refers to

(A) tissues

(B) substances

(D) insects

Which of the following substances does the author mention as NOT necessarily being toxic to the Colorado beetle?

(A) resins

(B) tannins

(D) alkaloids

Why does the author mention "glycoproteins" in line 17?

(A) to compare plant defense mechanisms to the immune system of animals

(B) to introduce the discussion of active defense mechanisms in plants

(D) to emphasize the importance of physical barriers in plant defense

The word "dramatic" in line 23 could best be replaced by

(A) striking

(B) accurate

(D) appealing

Where in the passage does the author describe an active plant-defense reaction?

(A) Lines 1-3

(B) Lines 4-6

(D) Lines 24-27

The passage most probably continues with a discussion of theories on

(A) the basis of passive plant defense

(B) how chemicals inhibit a parasitic

(D) the principles of the hypersensitive

阅读真题第9篇

托福考试阅读部分一篇文章一般较长，所以一般是以段落为单位的。有时候可能会有学生说我做题的时候并不会去看整段啊，或者有学生说我看懂了哎，但题目就是没做对啊!其实我们在阅读一个段落时要学会使用方法，是什么方法可以帮助我们快速阅读呢?

要读懂一个段落我们只需要抓住几个关键词而已。那么关键词怎么抓呢?一是看逻辑信号词;二是读句子的时候一定牢记只看主干!下面我们就以托福TPO25中的文章The Decline of Venetian Shipping为例，说说如何巧抓关键词。

TPO25-2 The Decline of Venetian Shipping：

Paragraph 2 This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and First， Venic’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties， were lost to direct In the fifteenth century there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)：
guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called In the early sixteenth century the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space)， with required fewer But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater and greater problem， despite continuous appeal to Venic’s tradition of maritime Even though sailors’ wages doubled among the northern Italian cities from 1550 to 1590， this did not elicit an increased

以上算得上是托福阅读中较长的段落了，在快速阅读这个段落的时候我们要找的关键词是：逻辑信号词—如段落中所标示的first， but， this… 我们不难发现这些信号词所在的句子基本都是解题的信息点。那么在做题定位时不妨多加留意。当然，抓住这些关键词并不难，难在理解。

接下来我们就来看看理解这些句子时的关键词。每段话的首句是必定要读的。This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade。这是包含了一个定语从句的复杂句。先看到核心词changes，再看到Venetian shipping and trade。这篇文章接下来具体要写的内容就展露无遗，也就是威尼斯船业和贸易的变迁。

First，这当然是开始写shipping的标志了。Venice’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties， were lost to direct 我们一直强调句子要读主干，那么简单地看这个句子就是Venice’s functions were lost，核心词很显然是lost，也对应了整篇文章的主题接下来两句写到了15和16世纪遇到的船员难招的问题。…there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)：
guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called 这句话中有冒号的出现，阅读冒号之前的内容there was little problem;到下一句：the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space)， with required fewer 这句中要看到的核心是not serious;再往后看到But….to be a greater and greater 到这里意思应该已经一目了然了，就是讲威尼斯船业在招聘船员方面所遭遇的变迁：little problem—not serious —greater

刚才我们讲了文章阅读部分要抓关键词，其实我们在阅读题目和选项时也是需要寻找关键词的。有些题目的选项是比较长的，四个选项看上去也差不多一段话了，所以一定要抓住关键词判断才行，如否定词、比较词和并列词。这些是快速浏览选项的第一步。再次也要看到题干和每个选项中能让我们快速定位到原文的关键词。我们还是以托福TPO25为例：

TPO25-1 The Surface of Mars

Paragraph 5 As on the Moon， the extent of large impact cratering ( craters too big to have been filled in by erosion since they were formed) serves as an age indicator for the Martian Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。

According to paragraph 5， what have scientists been able to determine from studies of large impact cratering on Mars?

Some Martian volcanoes are much older than was once thought。

The age of Mars’s surface can vary from area to area。

Large impact craters are not reliable indicators of age in areas with high volcanic activity。

Some areas of the Martian surface appear to be older than they actually are。

划出选项中的关键词后，定位到原文迅速浏览发现原文中并无如A和D选项中的比较，C中的否定词not和原文是明显相矛盾的，故而选择B，而B选项对应的恰好是本段末句：Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。

根据以上分析，我们应该明白在阅读之时何为关键词。简单地讲有定位关键词和判断关键词。定位关键词包括题干及选项中的名词，还有就是段落中那些一直向你示好的逻辑信号词了，不要忘记用它们找到你解题需要的信息。判断关键词是选项中那些有特色的词汇，包括否定词，比较词或者是句子主干中的动词等，根据这些词和原文进行对应，至少有一半的选项可以迅速被排除。

阅读真题第10篇

OG-1

Passage 13

Many critics of Emily Bront?’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counter point that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a romantic reading receives more Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged by the novel’s sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex use of narrators and time

Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue for an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous However, any interpretation that seeks to unify all of the novel’s diverse elements is bound to be somewhat This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all-encompassing In this respect, Wuthering Heights shares a feature of

According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about the first and second parts of Wuthering Heights?

The second part has received more attention from

The second part has little relation to the first

The second part annuls the force of the first

The second part provides less substantiation for a romantic

The second part is better because it is more

Which of the following inferences about Henry James’s awareness of novelistic construction is best supported by the passage?

James, more than any other novelist, was aware of the difficulties of novelistic

James was very aware of the details of novelistic

James’s awareness of novelistic construction derived from his reading of

James’s awareness of novelistic construction has led most commentators to see unity in his individual

James’s awareness of novelistic construction precluded him from violating the unity of his

The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that an interpretation of a novel should

not try to unite heterogeneous elements in the novel

not be inflexible in its treatment of the elements in the novel

not argue that the complex use of narrators or of time shifts indicates a sophisticated structure

concentrate on those recalcitrant elements of the novel that are outside the novel’s main structure

primarily consider those elements of novelistic construction of which the author of the novel was aware

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

The author of the passage suggests which of the following about Hamlet?

Hamlet has usually attracted critical interpretations that tend to stiffen into

Hamlet has elements that are not amenable to an all-encompassing critical

Hamlet is less open to an all-encompassing critical interpretation than is Wuthering

阅读真题第11篇

A Brief History of the Guitar

There is evidence that a four string, guitar-like instrument was played by the Hittites (who occupied a region now known as Asia Minor and Syria) around 1400 It had characteristically soft, curved sides--one of the primary features of anything identifiable as a guitar or The Greeks also produced a similar instrument which was later modified by the Romans, though both versions appear to have lacked the curved What is interesting here is that it seems this Roman cithara appeared in Hispania (now known as Spain) centuries before the Moorish

It had long been assumed that it was only after this invasion and the introduction of the Arabic due in the South that a guitar-like instrument first appeared in But with the Roman cithara arriving centuries prior, we might say that although the due influenced the development of the guitar it is not the true According to this theory, the Spanish guitar derived from the tan bur of the Hittites, kithara with a "k" of the Greeks and then the cithara with a "c" of the

However, following the arrival of the Moors, the Roman cithara and the Arabic due must have mixed and exerted mutual influences on one another for many Although there is no specific documentation, it is likely that makers of us and cithara’s would have seen each other"s work, if only through presentation by traveling By 1200 AD, the four string guitar had evolved into two types: the guitars maraca (Moorish guitar) which had a rounded back, wide fingerboard and several sound holes, and the guitars Latina (Latin guitar) which resembled the modern guitar with one sound hole and a narrower

In the late 1400"s, the visual was born by adding doubled strings and increasing its It was a large plucked instrument with a long neck (vibrating string length: 72 to 79 cm) with ten or eleven frets and six It was the visual which became the preferred instrument of the Spanish and Portuguese courts and remained so until the late 1600"s when orchestral and keyboard instruments became more

Although the guitar existed concurrently during this period, the visual and lute had overshadowed it until the end of the 17th century when the lute had acquired too many strings, was too hard to play and tune, and the visual was slowly replaced by the four and five course guitars (which had seven and nine strings respectively: one single high string, and three or four remaining courses--or pairs--of strings). It was perhaps the addition of the fifth course in the late 16th century that gave the guitar more flexibility and range and thus improved the potential of the repertoire that led to its

By the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th, some guitars already used six single strings and employed fan struts under the These struts were added for structural support to allow thinning of the top for greater resonance and for better distribution of sound across the Other contemporaneous developments included the use of a reinforced, raised neck using ebony or rosewood for the fingerboard, and the appearance of machine tuners in place of the wooden (It is noteworthy that the raised fingerboard had a great impact on the technique of the instrument since the strings were then too far from the soundboard to rest one"s finger on the face for ) These guitars would be unmistakably recognized by us as early classical

Beginning with the early 19th century, in the works of Agustin Caro, Manuel Gonzalez, Antonio de Lorca, Manuel Gutierrez from Spain and other European makers including Rene Lakota, and Johann Stauffer, we find the direct predecessors of the modern classical By 1850, the guitar was prepared for its most important breakthrough since its inception, the work of Antonio Torres With the encouragement of Julian Arcos and his own brilliant intuitions, Torres refined the strutting of the guitar to include as many as seven struts spread out like a fan under the He increased the body size and the width of the neck These improvements allowed for greater volume and bass response as well as the development of a left hand technique for richer The guitar was now prepared for the demands of the solo performer and the concert

Although there have been continued developments since the middle 1800"s, our modern guitar retains most of what was developed nearly 150 years No one can say if we have reached the end of the evolution of the guitar, but until now, many of the best guitars from the point of view of volume, projection and sheer beauty of tone were made by the great makers, Torres, Ramirez and Arias from the second half of the last century!

阅读真题第12篇

What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The role of instinct in animal behavior

(B) Observations that suggest consciousness in animal behavior

(D) Differences between the behavior of animals in their natural environments and in laboratory

Which of the following is NOT discussed as an ability animals are thought to have?

(A) Selecting among choices

(B)Anticipating events to come

(D) Communicating emotions

What is the purpose of the honeybee dance?

(A) To determine the quantity of food at a site

(B) To communicate the location of food

(D) To identify the type of nectar that is available

The word "yet" in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) however

(B) since

(D) so far

What did researchers discover in the study of honeybees discussed in paragraph 2?

(A) Bees are able to travel at greater speeds than scientists

(B) The bees could travel 25% farther than scientists

(D) Changing the location of food caused bees to decrease their dance

It can be inferred from the passage that brain size is assumed to

(A) be an indicator of cognitive ability

(B) vary among individuals within a species

(D) correspond to levels of activity

Why are otters and mussel shells included in the discussion in paragraph 3?

(A) To provide an example of tool use among animals

(B) To prove that certain species demonstrate greater ability in tool use than other species

(D) To demonstrate why mother chimpanzees show their young how to use tools

The word "rudimentary" in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) superior

(B) original

(D) technical

It can be inferred from the statement about mother chimpanzees and their young (lines 20-22)

that young chimpanzees have difficulty

(A) communicating with their mothers

(B) adding quantities

(D) opening hard nuts

The phrase "the one" in line 24-25 refers to the

(A) study

(B) pair

(D) ability

Scientists concluded from the experiment with chimpanzees and chocolate chips that

chimpanzees

(A) lack abilities that other primates have

(B) prefer to work in pairs or groups

(D) have difficulty selecting when given choices

阅读真题第13篇

OG-1

Passage 23

Saturn’s giant moon Titan is the only planetary satellite with a significant atmosphere and the only body in the solar system other than Earth that has a thick atmosphere dominated by molecular For a long time, the big question about Titan’s atmosphere was how it could be so thick, given that Jupiter’s moons Ganymede and Callisto, which are the same size as Titan, have The conditions for acquiring and retaining a thick nitrogen atmosphere are now readily The low temperature of the protosaturnian nebula enabled Titan to acquire the moderately volatile compounds methane and ammonia (later converted to nitrogen) in addition to The higher temperatures of Jupiter’s moons, which were closer to the Sun, prevented them from acquiring such an

According to the passage, Titan differs atmospherically from Ganymede and Callisto because of a difference in

rate of heat loss

proximity to the Sun

availability of methane and ammonia

distance from its planet

size

阅读真题第14篇

词汇

从某种意义上来讲，词汇量的大小是TOEFL阅读理解高分的基础和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上)，纵然你有"葵花宝典"在手，也只能命丧ETS的"毒招"之下。所以，以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习简直是一味巨毒无比的“五毒散”。

通过练习使学生养成高效的阅读方法--即所谓的阅读技巧

TOEFL的阅读量非常大，一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完，所谓的"扫读法"、"跳读法"和"略读法"也只能适用于少数类型的文章，根本不能解决本质问题。那么，文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话，主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能象一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息，而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位，主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物，文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨，而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练，考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样，通过阅读文章的几处关键部位，就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系，也就解决了问题的70%。

解题训练

排除法恐怕是一直以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上，这种方法具有致命的缺点：干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后，就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐养成和加强，决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。

阅读真题第15篇

Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens, such as bacteria, or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize

If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to be correlated with its high tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential Other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and

Active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate animals, although the cellular and molecular bases are fundamentally Both, however, are triggered in reaction to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive In the hypersensitive response, cells undergo rapid necrosis — that is, they become diseased and die — after being penetrated by a parasite; the parasite itself subsequently ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or a few cells around the entry Several theories have been put forward to explain the basis of hypersensitive

阅读真题第16篇

The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed "art " Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative

France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian

The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920" It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World The basic tenet of the movement — that function should determine form — was not a new Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline and complex textural

阅读真题第17篇

托福阅读文本：

The observation of the skies has played a special part in the lives and cultures of peoples since the earliest of Evidence obtained from a site known as the Hole in the Rock, in Papago Park in Phoenix, Arizona, indicates that it might have been used as an observatory by a prehistoric people known as the

The physical attributes of the site allow its use as a natural The "hole" at Hole in the Rock is formed by two large overhanging rocks coming together at a point, creating a shelter with an opening large enough for several persons to pass The northeast-facing overhang has a smaller opening in its It is this smaller hole that produces the attributes that may have been used as a

Because of its location in the shelter"s roof, a beam of sunlight can pass through this second hole and cast a spot onto the shelter"s wall and This spot of light travels from west to east as the sun moves across the It also moves from north to south and back again as the Earth travels around the Sun, the west-to-east movement could have been used to establish a daily clock, much like a sundial, while the north-to-south movement could have been used to establish a seasonal

The spot first appears and starts down the surface of the wall of the shelter at different times of the morning depending on the time of the The spot grows in size from its first appearance until its maximum size is achieved roughly at It then continues its downward movement until it reaches a point where it jumps to the floor of the As the Sun continues to move to the west, the spot continues to move across the shelter floor and down the butte, or hill, toward a group of small If a person is seated on a certain one of these rocks as the spot reaches it, the Sun can be viewed through the calendar This occurs at different times in the afternoon depending on the time of

托福阅读题目：

What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) observations of the stars by ancient people

(B) rock formations of Arizona

(D) the movement of the earth around the Sun

The word "obtained" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) acquired

(B) transported

(D) removed

The word "attributes" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) changes

(B) characteristics

(D) dimensions

The word "its" in line 10 refers to

(A) roof

(B) beam

(D) spot

The word "establish" in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) create

(B) locate

(D) choose

Which of the following is NOT true of the spot of light?

(A) It is caused by sunlight passing through a

(B) It travels across the roof of the

(D) It movement could have been used to estimate the time of

From which of the following can be the time of year be determined?

(A) The movement of the spot of light from west to east

(B) The speed with which the spot of light moves

(D) The size of the sport of light at midday

The word "roughly" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) finally

(B) harshly

(D) approximately

The passage mentions that the Hole in the Rock was used as all of the following EXCEPT

(A) a calendar

(B) a home

(D) an observatory

Which of the following can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?

(A) The boulders are located below the rock

(B) The person seated on the rock cannot see the

(C)After it passes the boulders, the spot of light

(D) The spot of light is largest when it first

托福阅读答案：

CABCA BCDBA

阅读真题第18篇

首先，无论什么技巧都必须要有基本的单词量做基础。

没人喜欢背单词，但是只有有足够的单词量才能应对托福阅读中的各种层出不穷的问题。用的是谁的单词书其实没有多大分别，你只要认认真真的把一本单词书背个70%，那也就差不多了，托福阅读的主要考察对象不是单词，只是透过单词来表达一种意思，只要你能猜出来这种意思并且在这个基础上把题答对，那么，对少单词都不是问题。

其次，对于难句长句的理解。

还是要明白大意就好，但是要能够根据大意准确定位找到答案。大家可以专门找些难句和长句来进行有针对性的练习。把那些句子反复读，反复看，看上十几遍，觉得很通顺、觉得句子写得很好自己以后也要这么写了才算好。速度慢不是问题，但是坚持下来，大家对难句和长句的理解能力就好冥想提高。

再次，大家在专门练习托福阅读题的时候，还是多看看OG

OG是非常有指向性的，而且那上面说的一些小技巧还是不错的。Delta上的题目要难一些，主要是有一些题目需要考生进行引申、做一些文学上的理解，当然这些在托福中是不会出现的。所以做题的时候不要想得太复杂，第一感觉是什么就选什么，很有效。

托福阅读是一场考试，大家不可能有时间，把文章理解透彻，也没必要。能够在可能的情况下找到答案就好。所以在托福阅读技巧中，不求甚解是最实用的。明白这篇文章是写什么的，文章的架构什么样，一般看看每段首句就好了。做题目是那就是定位了，其实跟答题有关的就那么一句或两句话，借助上下文帮助理解还是能够答对的。

阅读真题第19篇

指示代词概说

表示"这个"、"那个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。

指示代词有：this这个，that那个，these这些，those那些，it那个，这个，Such如此的，如此的事物，same同样的，同样的事物。

指示代词this，these，that，those在句中的功用

指示代词this，these，that，those在句中的用法相当于名词和形容词，可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如：

This is a plane，这是一架飞机。(作主语)

Oh，it"s not 噢，问题不在那儿。(作表语)

How do you like these?你喜欢这些吗?(作宾语)

This book is about Chinese traditional 这是一本关于中医的书。(作定语)

指示代词ins，these，that， those的其它用法

1)This (these)常用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物，that(those)则常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物。如：

This is a sickle and that is an 这是一把镰刀，那是一把斧子。

These days are 这些天很冷。

In those days the poor people had a hard 在那些日子里，穷人生活很苦。

2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则指下面将要讲到的事物。如：

I had a bad That"s why I didn"t 我伤风很厉害，所以我没有来。

Those two statements are not 那两种说法是不真实的。

What I want to say is this：Pronunciation is very important in learning 我所要说的是：语音在英语学习中非常重要。

chairman Mao honoured Lin Hulan with these words："A great life A glorious death"用下面的话表彰刘胡兰："生的伟大，死的光荣。"

3)有时为了避免重复提到过的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：

The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of 沈阳的气候跟北京的一样好。(that代替climate)

The county"s grain output of 1981 was double that of 这个县1987年的粮食产量比1980年增加一倍。(that代替grain output)

Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in 南京出产的电视机和上海的一样好。(those代替television sets)

4)This和that有时作状语用，表示"程度"，意谓"这么"和"那么"。如：

The book is about this 那本书大约有这么厚。

I don"t want that 我不要那么多。

It指人时亦用作指示代词。指示代词it在汉语中不必译出。

如：

Who is it?――it"s 是谁?--是我。

Oh, it"s you，Lao 哦，是你呀，老王。

阅读真题第20篇

The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a

In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in

This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have its front on a water

When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865).

What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in

(B) The evolution of cities in North America

(D) The effects of the United Sates" independence on urban growth in New

The word "they" in line 4 refers to

(A) North American colonies

(B) cities

(D) town economies

The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the following?

(A) Their economic success

(B) The type of merchandise they exported

(D) The pace of their development

The word "accordingly" in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) as usual

(B) in contrast

(D) for that reason

According to the passage,early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of North America due to

(A) an abundance of natural resources

(B) financial support from colonial governments

(D) a favorable climate

The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of the following for shipment to Europe?

(A) Manufacturing equipment

(B) Capital goods

(D) Raw materials

According to the passage,all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the growth of southern cities EXCEPT the

(A) location of the plantations

(B) access of plantation owners to shipping

(D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantations

It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern cities, most southern cities were

(A) more prosperous

(B) smaller

(D) tied less closely to England than to France

The word "recorded" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) imagined

(B) discovered

(D) planned

The word "drawing" in line 28 is closest in meaning to

(A) attracting

(B) employing

(D) representing

The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line 29) because it was a time of

(A) significant obstacles to industrial growth

(B) decreased dependence on foreign trade

(D) increased migration from northern states to southern states

正确答案:BBDDC DCBCA C

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